Indian Polity: Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12-35). They are known as the Magna Carta of India and are justiciable in nature.

Classification of Rights

• Right to Equality (Art 14-18): Includes equality before law and abolition of untouchability.
• Right to Freedom (Art 19-22): Protection of six rights regarding freedom of speech, assembly, etc.
• Right against Exploitation (Art 23-24): Prohibition of forced labour and child labour.
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Art 25-28): Freedom of conscience and management of religious affairs.

Constitutional Remedies

• Article 32: Right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of rights (Heart and Soul of the Constitution).
• Writs: The Courts can issue Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo-Warranto.
• Suspension: These rights can be suspended during a National Emergency, except Articles 20 and 21.

Question for you: Which Fundamental Right was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the ‘Heart and Soul’ of the Indian Constitution?

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